![]() The levator ani muscle is an important support structure for the pelvic viscera in bipeds (upright-walking humans) and helps maintain closure of the vagina and rectum. The levator ani muscle consists of three muscle groups intermingled to form a single sheet of muscle (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis). (The pelvic inlet is demarcated by the pelvic brim.) Two muscles line the lateral wall (obturator internus and piriformis) and attach to the femur (see Table 6-5), and two muscles form the floor, or pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus) ( Fig. ![]() The muscles of the true pelvis line its lateral wall and form a floor over the pelvic outlet. The perineum is enclosed by these boundaries and lies below the pelvic floor (see Fig. The pelvic outlet is diamond shaped and bounded by the pubic symphysis anteriorly, the pubic arches, the inferior pubic rami and ischial rami, the sacrotuberous ligament, and the coccyx. ![]() The pelvic inlet is the circular opening where the lower abdominal cavity is continuous with the pelvic cavity the promontory of the sacrum protrudes into this opening and is its posterior midline margin (Fig. The pelvis protects the pelvic viscera, supports the weight of the body, aids in ambulation by swinging side to side in a rotary movement at the lumbosacral articulation, provides for muscle attachments, and provides a bony support for the lower birth canal.
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